Stress
Stress
Sentence
Stress:
Sentence
stress shows which words in a sentence are stressed and which words are not
stressed.
Group - A
In normal speech, the following words are stressed:
Noun (boy,
girl, book)
Main
verbs (go, went, took)
Adjectives (good,
bad, kind)
Adverbs (well,
fast, slow)
Interjections (ah, oh)
Demonstrative
Pronouns (this, these, that, those)
Interrogative
Pronouns (Wh-words: when, where)
Pronoun
as suffixes :( myself, ourselves)
Phrasal
verbs (Two part verbs): suffix/particle:
put on, take off.
Numerals : one,
two
Auxiliary
Verbs with negative adverbs: not
(am not, are not)
Contracted
negatives: aren’t, didn’t
Conjunctions
in initial positions, in introducing sub-ordinate clause, or in the beginning
of sentence.
Note:
In
Group A, we stress words even if there is one syllable. If there are two syllables, we stress one.
Group B
In normal speech, the following are not stressed:
Articles (a,
an, the)
Auxiliaries (am, is,
was, were, has, have, had, do, does, did, will, can, etc)
(Except
with contracted forms: didn’t)
Note:
has, have, had, do, does, did as main verbs are stressed)
Pronouns (I, we,
you, he, she, it, his, her, its, mine, him, us)
Note: except Interrogative and Demonstrative
Pronouns
Preposition (on, at,
for etc)
(Except
with they have more than one syllable: about)
Conjunction (and, or,
but, when, if etc)
(Except
when they occur in the initial position, in dependent clause or at the beginning of a sentence)
Word
stress: Clause for Stress Making
1. Many two syllable words come from a one syllable
word. In these two syllable words, the stress is on the original word. Eg:
The
word artist comes from the word art. The stress falls on the original word art.
Art -
Artist Move - Remove
Drive - Driver Like - Dislike
Friend - Friendly Built - Rebuilt
Fame - Famous Come - Become
2.
Most two syllables nouns and adjectives have stress
on the first syllable, even if they don’t come from an original one – syllable
word. Eg:
Broken
does not come from the original word, but still it has the stress on ‘broken’
3. Two syllable words ending in _____er, _______en have
stress on the first syllable:
Answer,
father, brother, sister, enter, listen, open, happen.
4. Some two syllable words used as Nouns (Adjectives)
receive stress on the first syllable, while words used as Verbs receive stress
on the second syllable.
Nouns/Adjectives Verbs
Absent Absent
Contrast Contrast
Contract Contract
5. There is not always a change of stress in words that
are both nouns and verbs. Eg: answer, picture, promise, reply, travel, visit,
etc have stress always on the same syllable.
6. Compound words are made from two smaller words put
together. They are two separable words. They may be written separately or put
together,
i)
In most
compound words, the stress is on the first part:
`Book
self `sunglasses `shoe shop
`Foot
path `supermarket `round sign
`Airport
`photocopy `traffic light `bus station
`Window
seal `art gallery `travel agent
ii)
If the compound word is not a noun, we put stress
on the second part too. (Both the elements are stressed)
`First
`class `home-`made
`After `noon `bad` temperature
`Vice-`Chancellor `old `fashioned
`Second`
hand `short `sighted
Note: They are not always written as one word
a) If the first part of the compound word is an
adjective, there may be stress on the second part too: `double `room
b) There may be stress on the second part of a compound
noun, when the object in the second part is made out of the material in the
first. For example, `glass `jar.
7. The suffixes ____ever, ____self, _____selves take
stress on the second element. Ex: herself, whatever.
8. Words with weak prefixes have stress on the root
syllable.
Ex: a`bound a`gain a`head a`round a`bove ac`ross be`low be`hind be`neath be`cause be`side
The inflexional suffixes _____es, ____ing,
______ed.
Thederivationalsuffixes____age,____dom,______hood,____ment,____ship,____
ness,_____er, ____or, ____ly, ___ance, ____ess, _____ful, _____less, ___ish,
____ice have stress on the root word and
not on the suffix. Eg: `marriage, `lovely, `loveliness, `attender, `kingdom.
9. Wh – words beginning questions and followed by
auxiliary verbs have stress on Wh – words.` What do you ` think? `Where do you `live?
`Why did you `go?
10. Word endings
like ___tion, ____ssion, ____shion (pronounced /ʃn/) have
stress on the preceding syllable.
Ration admission
Mission invention
Direction succession
11. Word endings such as ____tious, ____cious, ____icious
(pronounced /ʃəs/) have stress on the
preceding syllable.
Nutritious precious
Conscientious conscious
12. Word endings such as _____tial, ____cial, ___shal (pronounced
/ʃl/ have stress on the preceding syllable.
Referential provincial
Confidential commercial
13. Word endings such as _____ic, _____ical, (pronounced /ɪk/ or / ɪkl/) have
stress on the preceding syllable.
Scientific political
Asthmatic botanical
Note: if the word ending ___ic indicates the
noun form, then stress falls on the first syllable.
Rhetoric
Arabic
Catholic
14. Word
endings ____graph
____age
____ege have stress on the first
syllable.
____edge
____idge
Marriage cartridge
College acknowledge
15. Word endings _____logy
_____ophy have stress on the preceding
syllable.
_____aphy
Philosophy
Technology
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