UNIT – I PROSE BACON’S OF ADVERSITY
UNIT – I PROSE
BACON’S OF ADVERSITY
OF
ADVERSITY
It
was an high speech of Seneca (after the manner of the Stoics), that the
good
things, which belong to prosperity, are to be wished; but the good
things,
that belong to adversity, are to be admired. Bona rerum
secundarum
optabilia; adversarum mirabilia. Certainly if miracles be the
command
over nature, they appear most in adversity. It is yet a higher
speech
of his, than the other (much too high for a heathen), It is true
greatness,
to have in one the frailty of a man, and the security of a God.
Vere
magnum habere fragilitatem hominis, securitatem Dei. This would
have
done better in poesy, where transcendences are more allowed. And
the
poets indeed have been busy with it; for it is in effect the thing, which
figured
in that strange fiction of the ancient poets, which seemeth not to
be
without mystery; nay, and to have some approach to the state of a
Christian;
that Hercules, when he went to unbind Prometheus (by whom
human
nature is represented), sailed the length of the great ocean, in an
earthen
pot or pitcher; lively describing Christian resolution, that saileth
in
the frail bark of the flesh, through the waves of the world. But to speak
in
a mean. The virtue of prosperity, is temperance; the virtue of adversity,
is
fortitude; which in morals is the more heroical virtue. Prosperity is the
blessing
of the Old Testament; adversity is the blessing of the New; which
carrieth
the greater benediction, and the clearer revelation of God’s favor.
Yet
even in the Old Testament, if you listen to David’s harp, you shall
hear
as many hearse–like airs as carols; and the pencil of the Holy Ghost
hath
labored more in describing the afflictions of Job, than the felicities
of
Solomon. Prosperity is not without many fears and distastes; and
adversity
is not without comforts and hopes. We see in needle–works and
embroideries,
it is more pleasing to have a lively work, upon a sad and
solemn
ground, than to have a dark and melancholy work, upon a
lightsome
ground: judge therefore of the pleasure of the heart, by the
pleasure
of the eye. Certainly virtue is like precious odors, most fragrant
when
they are incensed, or crushed: for prosperity doth best discover
vice, but adversity doth best discover
virtue.
******
Detailed Summary
🔹 Opening Philosophical Reflection
- Bacon
begins with a quote from Seneca, a Stoic:
“The good things which belong to prosperity are to
be wished; but the good things which belong to adversity are to be admired.”
(Latin: Bona rerum secundarum optabilia; adversarum mirabilia.)
- Prosperity
gives us pleasant things, but adversity brings forth admirable virtues.
🔹 True Greatness: Fragility and
Strength
- Another
high Stoic idea from Seneca:
“It is true greatness, to have in one the frailty
of a man and the security of a god.”
(Vere magnum habere fragilitatem hominis, securitatem Dei.)
- Bacon
remarks this idea suits poetry more than philosophy, as it is lofty
and imaginative.
🔹 Christian Symbolism
- Bacon
draws a comparison to classical myth:
- Hercules
sailing in an earthen pot to rescue Prometheus
symbolizes human nature and suffering.
- He
interprets this as an allegory of Christian resilience — sailing
through worldly hardships in the fragile vessel of the body.
🔹 Virtues in Prosperity vs.
Adversity
- Temperance is the
virtue of prosperity.
- Fortitude is the
virtue of adversity — and is considered more heroic.
- Prosperity
aligns with the Old Testament, while adversity aligns with the New
Testament, and is a clearer sign of God's favor.
🔹 Biblical Support
- Even in
the Old Testament:
- David’s
harp plays as many funeral songs as joyful ones.
- The Holy
Spirit devotes more narrative space to Job’s suffering than to
Solomon’s wealth.
🔹 Emotional Balance
- Prosperity
is not without its fears and bitterness.
- Adversity
is not without comforts and hopes.
🔹 Aesthetic Metaphor
- Like needlework,
vibrant designs look better on a dark background — meaning virtue in
adversity is more moving and admirable than virtue in comfort.
🔹 Conclusion: Adversity Reveals
Virtue
- Virtue
is like perfume — it smells sweetest when crushed or burned.
- Prosperity
often reveals vices.
- Adversity is the
true test and revelation of virtue.
·
1. According to Seneca, the good things of
prosperity are to be:
A) Feared
B) Rejected
C) Wished ✅
D) Avoided
➡️ “The good things, which belong to prosperity,
are to be wished…”
·
2. The good things of adversity, according to
Seneca, are to be:
A) Feared
B) Pitied
C) Admired ✅
D) Rejected
➡️ “…but the good things, that belong to
adversity, are to be admired.”
·
3. The Latin phrase “Bona rerum secundarum
optabilia; adversarum mirabilia” means:
A) Good books heal sorrow
B) Good things in prosperity are to be wished; in adversity, to be admired ✅
C) All fortunes are dangerous
D) Nature triumphs in pain
➡️ Bacon cites this to highlight Stoic wisdom.
·
4. Bacon compares miracles to:
A) Riches and gifts
B) Victory in war
C) Triumphs over human nature
D) The command over nature, especially seen in adversity ✅
➡️ “…they appear most in adversity.”
·
5. Bacon considers Seneca’s second quote (“Vere
magnum...”) to be:
A) Blasphemous
B) Too proud
C) Too high for a heathen ✅
D) A mistake
➡️ “Much too high for a heathen,” says Bacon.
·
6. “Vere magnum habere fragilitatem hominis,
securitatem Dei” means:
A) Man’s strength is divine
B) It is true greatness to have man’s frailty and God’s security ✅
C) Weakness is foolish
D) Fear is divine
➡️ Bacon admires this as poetic and profound.
·
7. Bacon says such lofty speech is more fitting
for:
A) Science
B) History
C) Poetry ✅
D) Politics
➡️ “…this would have done better in poesy…”
·
8. Who does Hercules rescue in the myth mentioned
by Bacon?
A) Ulysses
B) Atlas
C) Prometheus ✅
D) Achilles
➡️ Prometheus represents human suffering.
·
9. In Bacon’s allegory, Prometheus represents:
A) Power
B) Human nature ✅
C) Death
D) The gods
➡️ “…by whom human nature is represented…”
·
10. The vessel Hercules sails in is described as:
A) A golden chariot
B) An iron cage
C) A raft of bones
D) An earthen pot or pitcher ✅
➡️ Symbolizing fragility and suffering.
·
11. The earthen pot is used to represent:
A) Pagan rituals
B) The frail body of man ✅
C) Sinful thoughts
D) Royalty
➡️ “Frail bark of the flesh…”
·
12. This symbolic journey through “waves of the
world” stands for:
A) Mythological rebellion
B) Christian resilience through worldly trials ✅
C) Ancient prophecy
D) Political betrayal
➡️ An image of steadfastness through adversity.
·
13. According to Bacon, the virtue of prosperity
is:
A) Wisdom
B) Humility
C) Temperance ✅
D) Prudence
➡️ “…the virtue of prosperity is temperance…”
·
14. The virtue of adversity is:
A) Justice
B) Fortitude ✅
C) Patience
D) Kindness
➡️ “…the virtue of adversity is fortitude…”
·
15. Which virtue is considered more heroic?
A) Temperance
B) Fortitude ✅
C) Moderation
D) Patience
➡️ Fortitude (courage in adversity) is more
heroical.
·
16. Bacon says prosperity is the blessing of the:
A) New Testament
B) Christian church
C) Pagan gods
D) Old Testament ✅
➡️ “…prosperity is the blessing of the Old
Testament…”
·
17. Adversity is the blessing of the:
A) Ancient world
B) Old Testament
C) New Testament ✅
D) Roman Empire
➡️ “…adversity is the blessing of the New…”
·
18. According to Bacon, which blessing reveals
God's favor more clearly?
A) Prosperity
B) Adversity ✅
C) Health
D) Youth
➡️ “…which carrieth the greater benediction, and
the clearer revelation…”
·
19. David’s harp in the Old Testament plays:
A) Only joyous carols
B) War chants
C) As many sad songs as joyful ones ✅
D) Political anthems
➡️ “…you shall hear as many hearse-like airs as
carols…”
·
20. The Holy Ghost, according to Bacon, labored
more to describe:
A) Prophets’ miracles
B) Solomon’s wealth
C) Job’s afflictions ✅
D) David’s rule
➡️ “…more in describing the afflictions of Job…”
·
21. According to Bacon, prosperity is not without:
A) Joy and liberty
B) Fears and distastes ✅
C) Celebration and reward
D) Confidence and growth
➡️ “…not without many fears and distastes…”
·
22. And adversity is not without:
A) Pain and judgment
B) Sin and punishment
C) Comforts and hopes ✅
D) Silence and shame
➡️ “…adversity is not without comforts and hopes.”
·
23. In Bacon’s needlework metaphor, which
background enhances beauty?
A) A bright and lively background
B) A plain white background
C) A solemn and dark ground ✅
D) A golden silk background
➡️ “…a lively work upon a sad and solemn ground…”
·
24. This metaphor suggests that virtue shines most:
A) In joy
B) In celebration
C) In adversity ✅
D) In victory
➡️ Contrast highlights virtue better.
·
25. Bacon compares virtue to:
A) Gold
B) Flame
C) Precious odors ✅
D) Sacred texts
➡️ “…most fragrant when they are incensed, or
crushed.”
·
26. The phrase “precious odors… most fragrant when
they are incensed or crushed” symbolizes:
A) Wealth shines in public
B) Virtue is most admirable when tested in adversity ✅
C) Pain increases knowledge
D) Faith fades under pressure
➡️ Crushed or burned substances (like virtue)
release their best essence under pressure.
·
27. Prosperity is more likely to reveal a person’s:
A) Strength
B) Loyalty
C) Vice ✅
D) Potential
➡️ “…prosperity doth best discover vice…”
·
28. Adversity is more likely to reveal a person’s:
A) Weakness
B) Success
C) Pride
D) Virtue ✅
➡️ “…adversity doth best discover virtue.”
·
29. Bacon regards adversity as a condition that
reveals:
A) Divine judgment
B) Poetic imagination
C) Hidden moral strength ✅
D) Economic hardship
➡️ Adversity brings inner fortitude to light.
·
30. Bacon’s view on adversity can best be described
as:
A) Purely negative
B) Morally enriching ✅
C) Politically dangerous
D) Random misfortune
➡️ He sees adversity as a path to virtue.
·
31. The classical myth of Hercules used by Bacon is
meant to:
A) Explain ancient warfare
B) Praise Roman gods
C) Illustrate Christian endurance in mortal life ✅
D) Argue against mythology
➡️ Sailing in a fragile pot symbolizes enduring
hardship in the body.
·
32. The “earthen pot” is metaphorically used to
represent:
A) Earthly riches
B) Weak foundations
C) The mortal body ✅
D) Divine grace
➡️ Bacon likens the body to fragile material,
enduring life’s storms.
·
33. Hercules’ journey across the ocean symbolizes:
A) Rebellion against Zeus
B) Exploration and conquest
C) The struggle of faith in a harsh world ✅
D) Pagan ritual
➡️ Represents Christian perseverance.
·
34. Fortitude, the virtue of adversity, is
described as:
A) Less useful
B) A political skill
C) More heroic than temperance ✅
D) Old-fashioned
➡️ He elevates fortitude as the greater moral
strength.
·
35. In contrast, temperance is the virtue
associated with:
A) War
B) Victory
C) Prosperity ✅
D) Youth
➡️ “…virtue of prosperity is temperance…”
·
36. The Old Testament focuses more on:
A) Suffering and loss
B) Prosperity and external blessings ✅
C) Inner virtue
D) Philosophy
➡️ “Prosperity is the blessing of the Old
Testament…”
·
37. The New Testament emphasizes:
A) Law and order
B) Prophecy
C) Adversity and inner blessings ✅
D) Rituals
➡️ “…adversity is the blessing of the New…”
·
38. Bacon uses David’s harp as a metaphor for:
A) Joyous worship
B) Divine prophecy
C) The balance of grief and joy ✅
D) Musical harmony
➡️ “…you shall hear as many hearse-like airs as
carols…”
·
39. Job’s story, according to Bacon, is emphasized
more than:
A) David’s poetry
B) The Exodus
C) Solomon’s prosperity ✅
D) Moses’s law
➡️ “…afflictions of Job, than the felicities of
Solomon…”
·
40. Bacon’s phrase “hearse-like airs” means:
A) Royal anthems
B) Funeral songs ✅
C) Angelic melodies
D) Gentle prayers
➡️ Symbolizing sorrowful, mournful tones.
·
41. The “pleasure of the heart” is compared to:
A) A river’s stillness
B) The beauty of the soul
C) The pleasure of the eye ✅
D) The weight of the world
➡️ Using the metaphor of needlework design.
·
42. A “lively work upon a solemn ground” implies
that:
A) Art is best left unfinished
B) Contrast increases appreciation ✅
C) Dark colors should be avoided
D) Sadness ruins beauty
➡️ The background of adversity enhances the
brilliance of virtue.
·
43. In needlework, Bacon prefers:
A) Bright colors everywhere
B) Plain and simple design
C) Joyless decoration
D) Bright design over a dark background ✅
➡️ “…more pleasing to have a lively work upon a
sad and solemn ground…”
·
44. This metaphor illustrates how:
A) Joy comes from simplicity
B) Virtue becomes more visible in dark times ✅
C) Sadness must be avoided
D) Wealth brings beauty
➡️ The background of adversity sharpens and
highlights virtue.
·
45. Bacon implies that pain and struggle are:
A) Unnecessary burdens
B) Needed to understand poetry
C) Inevitable in life
D) Opportunities to display moral excellence ✅
➡️ Adversity helps display the best qualities of
the soul.
·
46. The virtue Bacon praises in adversity is:
A) Silence
B) Wealth
C) Fortitude ✅
D) Fame
➡️ Consistently emphasized as the heroic virtue.
·
47. According to Bacon, which of the following best
describes adversity?
A) A sign of divine punishment
B) A test of political loyalty
C) A trial that reveals a person’s true character ✅
D) A source of shame
➡️ Adversity purifies and proves inner strength.
·
48. What does Bacon think of prosperity’s moral
influence?
A) It always improves virtue
B) It disguises vices
C) It tempts men into luxury
D) It often reveals vice more than virtue ✅
➡️ Prosperity can corrupt or expose inner flaws.
·
49. Bacon’s conclusion about virtue is best summed
up by the idea that:
A) It grows best in solitude
B) It is hidden in wealth
C) It shines brightest when tested ✅
D) It weakens over time
➡️ Virtue is like a perfume released under
pressure.
·
50. Overall, Bacon believes that adversity:
A) Is unnatural
B) Should be avoided
C) Develops and reveals moral strength ✅
D) Is only for the poor
➡️ Adversity produces the noblest virtues.
·
51. Bacon’s tone in “Of Adversity” is primarily:
A) Sarcastic
B) Philosophical and admiring ✅
C) Doubtful
D) Humorous
➡️ He reflects thoughtfully on the moral worth of
adversity.
·
52. Who is quoted most prominently in the essay?
A) Plato
B) Solomon
C) Seneca ✅
D) Aristotle
➡️ Two key Stoic quotes from Seneca open the
essay.
·
53. The essay suggests that adversity provides:
A) Material rewards
B) Temporary relief
C) Opportunities for inner excellence ✅
D) Evidence of sin
➡️ Adversity reveals true moral strength.
·
54. Bacon mentions miracles in adversity as:
A) Hidden acts of God
B) Metaphors for sorrow
C) The greatest display of power over nature ✅
D) Deceptions of fate
➡️ “If miracles be the command over nature, they
appear most in adversity.”
·
55. Bacon’s Christian interpretation of the
Prometheus myth implies:
A) Christianity borrowed Greek myths
B) Myth was superior to theology
C) Christian endurance mirrors poetic struggle ✅
D) Mythology is outdated
➡️ He finds Christian symbolism in classical
poetry.
·
56. The Christian metaphor of “sailing in the
earthen pot” refers to:
A) Worship practices
B) Pagan rituals
C) The soul’s journey in the body ✅
D) Monastic silence
➡️ Frail human flesh braves the world’s trials.
·
57. Hercules is used symbolically to reflect:
A) Pagan heroism
B) Divine punishment
C) Deliverance of suffering humanity ✅
D) Political rebellion
➡️ As he rescues Prometheus, representing human
nature.
·
58. In Bacon’s view, great men in adversity are
comparable to:
A) Fools in fortune
B) Saints and martyrs ✅
C) Kings of battle
D) Tragic actors
➡️ Those tested by adversity often display
sainthood-like endurance.
·
59. Bacon’s reference to Job implies:
A) Wealth is fleeting
B) Prosperity is deceptive
C) Suffering is divine favor ✅
D) Sin always brings punishment
➡️ Job is an example of faith in adversity.
·
60. Bacon says adversity is the blessing of the New
Testament because:
A) It destroys pride
B) It offers deeper spiritual reward ✅
C) It supports fasting
D) It focuses on prophets
➡️ New Testament values suffering as a path to
grace.
·
61. Which Testament is associated with prosperity
in the essay?
A) The Vulgate
B) The New
C) The Old ✅
D) The Apocrypha
➡️ “Prosperity is the blessing of the Old
Testament…”
·
62. Bacon’s preference for adversity is partly due
to:
A) Its poetic imagery
B) Its aesthetic appeal
C) Its moral revelation ✅
D) Its social benefits
➡️ Adversity reveals virtue in a stronger way.
·
63. Bacon says that prosperity often results in:
A) Honesty
B) Cowardice
C) Moral corruption or vice ✅
D) Prideful worship
➡️ “Prosperity doth best discover vice…”
·
64. The purpose of the needlework metaphor is to
show:
A) Skill in craftsmanship
B) Joy in simplicity
C) Beauty is enhanced by contrast ✅
D) Gold is more valuable than silk
➡️ Darkness (adversity) makes the virtue (design)
stand out.
·
65. In adversity, the heart finds:
A) More pain
B) No relief
C) Unexpected pleasures and deeper virtue ✅
D) Bitterness only
➡️ Adversity brings moral and emotional depth.
·
66. Bacon finds adversity meaningful because it:
A) Promotes rebellion
B) Breaks worldly ties
C) Tests and proves moral excellence ✅
D) Matches poetic ideals
➡️ It refines and defines virtue.
·
67. Which of the following best summarizes Bacon’s
theme?
A) Pain is punishment
B) Suffering should be avoided
C) Adversity is a better moral teacher than prosperity ✅
D) Virtue cannot exist without faith
➡️ The essay argues this central idea.
·
68. In adversity, Bacon believes people become more
aware of:
A) Politics
B) Nature
C) God’s favor ✅
D) Temptation
➡️ Adversity “carrieth the clearer revelation of
God’s favor.”
·
69. What contrast does Bacon draw between the
Psalms of David and Solomon’s wealth?
A) Psalms are less important
B) Solomon is more moral
C) David’s sorrows are more emphasized than Solomon’s joys ✅
D) Solomon wrote more
➡️ David’s suffering is given more space in
scripture.
·
70. What does Bacon admire about Seneca’s philosophical
stance?
A) Its use of logic
B) Its poetic value despite being heathen ✅
C) Its Christian roots
D) Its military imagery
➡️ He says it’s “too high for a heathen,” showing
admiration.
·
71. The phrase “hearse-like airs” refers to:
A) Temple rituals
B) Mourning songs ✅
C) Pagan chants
D) Prayers of healing
➡️ David’s harp plays both joyful and sorrowful
music.
·
72. The “blessing of the New Testament” relates to:
A) Victory in life
B) Moral compromise
C) Spiritual triumph through suffering ✅
D) Celebration of kings
➡️ Adversity is exalted in the New Testament.
·
73. Bacon believes that adversity:
A) Is to be feared
B) Builds endurance and character ✅
C) Leads to loss
D) Is meaningless
➡️ It leads to strength, virtue, and faith.
·
74. Prosperity, by contrast, often leads to:
A) Generosity
B) Enlightenment
C) Hidden vice and pride ✅
D) Prophetic insight
➡️ Bacon contrasts its risks with adversity’s
benefits.
·
75. According to Bacon, the divine in man is
visible when:
A) He performs rituals
B) He commands others
C) He shows godlike calm in suffering ✅
D) He escapes pain
➡️ “The frailty of man, and the security of God”
combined.
·
76. “Security of a God” refers to:
A) Immortality
B) Divine comfort and inner strength ✅
C) Magical powers
D) Heroic victories
➡️ Bacon highlights divine-like stability in
adversity.
·
77. Bacon’s admiration for adversity reflects:
A) Stoic, Christian, and poetic influences ✅
B) Military traditions
C) Scientific experiments
D) Eastern mysticism
➡️ Stoicism + Christian theology + poetic
metaphors.
·
78. In Bacon’s view, adversity enhances:
A) Intellectual pride
B) Physical strength
C) Moral fragrance ✅
D) Emotional breakdown
➡️ As a crushed perfume releases sweet scent.
·
79. Which of these metaphors is NOT used by Bacon
in the essay?
A) Precious odors
B) Needlework
C) Sun and moon ✅
D) Earthen pot
➡️ No celestial metaphor used in this essay.
·
80. Adversity as a “sad and solemn ground” supports
which concept?
A) Weakness of the soul
B) Joy in heaven
C) Virtue as a lively pattern ✅
D) Riches in disguise
➡️ Virtue stands out more when set against
hardship.
·
81. The “waves of the world” symbolize:
A) Human pleasure
B) Sins of others
C) Life’s struggles and challenges ✅
D) Divine judgment
➡️ Waves threaten the fragile bark of flesh.
·
82. Bacon uses poetry and fiction to:
A) Dismiss religious ideas
B) Reveal deep moral truths ✅
C) Entertain
D) Expose pagan beliefs
➡️ Even poetic myths reveal Christian meanings.
·
83. Which character trait does Bacon most associate
with adversity?
A) Fear
B) Glory
C) Fortitude ✅
D) Anger
➡️ Fortitude is the virtue of adversity.
·
84. The structure of the essay moves from:
A) Story to advice
B) Poetry to politics
C) Stoic reflection → Christian metaphor → Biblical support ✅
D) Science to religion
➡️ The essay weaves philosophy, myth, and
theology.
·
85. The essay’s ultimate claim is that adversity
is:
A) Unavoidable
B) Greater than love
C) Spiritually and morally beneficial ✅
D) A punishment
➡️ Adversity elevates the soul.
·
86. Bacon mentions Solomon to represent:
A) Political failure
B) Philosophical genius
C) Earthly prosperity ✅
D) Angelic virtue
➡️ Contrasted with Job’s suffering.
·
87. Bacon's phrase “security of a God” is best
described as:
A) Absolute protection from pain
B) Detachment from all emotions
C) Inner peace and fearlessness in trial ✅
D) Power to rule others
➡️ Despite human weakness, divine-like courage.
·
88. What emotional quality does adversity lack,
according to Bacon?
A) Pain
B) Pride
C) Comfort and hope ❌
D) Nothing – it includes comfort and hope ✅
➡️ Adversity is not without comforts and hopes.
·
89. Bacon’s admiration of adversity is rooted in:
A) Personal hardship
B) Philosophical insight and spiritual belief ✅
C) Royal duty
D) Political critique
➡️ He combines Stoic and Christian viewpoints.
·
90. The phrase “command over nature” refers to:
A) Scientific innovation
B) Magical ability
C) Miracles seen in adversity ✅
D) Domination of animals
➡️ Miracles shine through suffering.
·
91. Adversity’s “miracles” are:
A) Natural disasters
B) Rarely real
C) Acts of supernatural endurance ✅
D) Signs of failure
➡️ Human strength beyond expected limits.
·
92. Bacon suggests poets have used adversity to:
A) Win praise
B) Criticize religion
C) Create powerful allegories ✅
D) Entertain kings
➡️ He appreciates poetic allegories of struggle.
·
93. According to Bacon, which kind of virtue is
“more heroical”?
A) Temperance
B) Fortitude ✅
C) Prudence
D) Faith
➡️ Because it withstands hardship.
·
94. Bacon sees Job’s afflictions as a:
A) Moral failing
B) Greater divine lesson ✅
C) Historic tragedy
D) Symbol of disobedience
➡️ More spiritually revealing than Solomon’s
comfort.
·
95. The fragility of human nature is balanced by:
A) Rational thought
B) Divine strength ✅
C) Emotional support
D) Material wealth
➡️ “Frailty of a man and security of a God.”
·
96. Adversity is linked with:
A) Old age
B) Christian blessing ✅
C) Military failure
D) Economic loss
➡️ “Adversity is the blessing of the New [Testament].”
·
97. According to Bacon, which is more admirable —
prosperity or adversity?
A) Prosperity
B) Neither
C) Adversity ✅
D) Both equally
➡️ Adversity is to be “admired.”
·
98. Bacon considers which literary form most suited
to high philosophical ideas?
A) Prose
B) History
C) Poetry ✅
D) Sermon
➡️ “This would have done better in poesy…”
·
99. Bacon’s approach in the essay is to combine:
A) Myth, Scripture, and Metaphor ✅
B) Satire, science, and law
C) Economics, travel, and war
D) Grammar, medicine, and logic
➡️ He blends disciplines to support his ideas.
·
100. The final message of “Of Adversity” is:
A) Adversity should be feared
B) Suffering leads to rebellion
C) Adversity reveals the noblest part of human virtue ✅
D) Joyful people lack depth
➡️ Virtue shines brightest in trials.
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