THE SCHOLAR GYPSY – ARNOLD

THE SCHOLAR GYPSY – ARNOLD

·         It is a poem by Arnold, based on a 17^th century Oxford story found in Joseph Glanvill’s The Vanity of Dogmatizing (1661), which he read often.

·         It begins in pastoral mode, invoking a shepherd and describing the beauties of a rural scene, with Oxford in the distance.

·         It is an attack on scholasticism.

·         The various places and landmarks mentioned in the poem are all actual ones situated around oxford.

·         It is written in a modern style.

·         Scholar gypsy left the university because of poverty.

·         He left the university in a morning of a summer.

·         Arnold describes the story of an Oxford student Glanvill.

·         He left his university and joined a band of gypsies.

·         He came from them many of the secrets about the trade.

·         Many were not certain about his whereabouts.

·         But some time he was discovered and recognized by two of his former Oxford associates, who learned from him that the gypsies “had a traditional kind of learning among them, and could do wonders by the power of imagination, their fancy binding that of others”.

·         When he had learned everything that the gypsies could teach him, he said, he would leave them and give an account of these secrets to the world.

·         The flower mentioned in the poem is Convolvulus.

·         The punt or ferry boat is pulled across the stream by a rope and the boat moves in a kind of curve.

·         Why did scholar join the gypsies? To learn their knowledge..

·         With whom contacts  the poet bids him avoid while addressing the scholar? Moderns.

·         In “the just pausing genius”, we have an allusion to? indian mythology.

·         Arnold says that the scholar is waiting for? The spark of the heaven.

·         When did the scholar return oxford? He returned no more.

·         When did the scholar want to impart the secret of the art of Gypsies? After learning the art fully.

·         What did the scholar give to the woman he met? Flowers.

·         Maidens from distant helmets have seen the scholar in the fields in the month? May.

·         The scholar Gypsy is compared to? Tyrian trader.

·         “the young light hearted masters of wave” – this phrase refers to? Greek.

·         The Scholar Gypsy was born when? Wits were fresh and clear.

·         The scholar gypsy is a pastoral elegy. What are the pastoral landscape described in the poem? Oxford country side, Thames and Cummer Hills.

·         Whose life ran as sparkling Thames? The Scholar Gypsy.

·         Arnold attacked the life of? Moderns.

·         Arnold wants us through the poem? Follow the path of scholar Gypsy.

·         In which line we can find Homeric simile? Averse as Dido did with gesture stern.

·         It is written in the metre of Iambic penta metre.

·         This poetry is the criticism of life.

ANDREA DEL SARTO – BROWNING

ANDREA DEL SARTO – BROWNING

·         It is also called ‘The Faultless Painter’.

·         This dramatic monologue is narrated by Renaissance painter Andrea del sarto to his wife Lucrezia.

·         Andrea del Sarto was an Italian painter from Florence, whose career flourished during the High Renaissance and early Mannerism.

·         Though highly regarded during his lifetime as an artist senza errori (‘without errors’), his renown was eclipsed after his death by that of his contemporaries, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael.

·         Andrea begs Lucrezia that they end a quarrel over whether the painter should sell his paintings to a friend of his wife’s.

·         He acquiesces to her wish and promises he will give her money if she will only hold his hand and sit with him by the window from which they can survey Florence.

·         He admits to feeling a deep melancholy, in which “a common grayness silvers everything”(line 35) and hopes she can pull him from it.

·         He tells her that if she were to smile for him, he would be able to pull himself from such sadness.

·         Andrea considers himself a failure as an artist, both because Lucrezia has lost her “first pride” (line 37) in him and because he has only one talent: the ability to create faultless paintings.

·         Though many praise him for creating flawless reproductions, which he admits he does easily, with “no sketches first, no studies” (line 68), Andrea is aware that his work lacks the spirit and soul that bless his contemporaries Rafael and Michel Agnolo (Michelangelo).

·         Considering himself only a “craftsman” (line 82), he knows they are able to glimpse heaven whereas he is stuck with earthly inspirations.

·         He surveys a painting that has been sent to him and notes how it has imperfections he could easily fix, but a “soul” (line 108) he could never capture.

·         He begins to blame Lucrezia for denying him the soul that could have made him great, and while he forgives her for her beauty, he accuses her of not having brought a “mind” (line 126) that could have inspired him.

·         He wonders whether what makes his contemporaries great is their lack of a wife.

·         Andrea then reminisces on their past. Long before, he had painted for a year in France for the royal court, producing work of which both he and Lucrezia were proud.

·         But when she grew ‘restless’, they set off for Italy, where they bought a nice house with the money and he became a less inspired artist.

·         However, he contemplates that it could have gone no other way, since fate intended him to be with Lucrezia, and he hopes future generations will forgive him his choices.

·         As evidence of his talent, he recalls how Michelangelo once complimented his talent to Rafael, but quickly loses that excitement as he focuses on the imperfections of the painting in front of him and his own failings.

·         He begs Lucrezia to stay with him more often, sure that her love will inspire him to greater achievements and he could thereby “earn more, give her more”.

·         Lucrezia is called from outside, by her cousin, who is implicitly her lover, and Andrea begs her to stay.

·         He notes that the cousin has “loans” that need paying, and says he will pay those if she stays. She seems to decline the offer and to insist she will leave.

·         In the poem’s final section, Andrea grows melancholy again and insists he does “regret little …would change still less”.

·         He justifies having fled France and sold out his artistic integrity and praises himself for his prolific faultless paintings.

·         He notes again that Lucrezia is a part of his failure, but insists that she was his choice. Finally he gives her leave to go to her cousin.

·         Andre Del Sarto is unique in Browning’s dramatic monologue oeuvre because of its incredibly melancholic tone and pessimistic view of art.

·         Andrea de Sarto was a Renaissance painter who was regarded highly by his contemporaries because of his technical skill.

·         Michelangelo was especially fond of Del Sarto’s work, and it was he who introduced Giorgio Vasari to Del sarto’s studio. Vasari, however, was highly critical of his teacher, alleging that, though having all the prerequisites of a great artist, he lacked ambition and that divine fire of inspiration which animated the works of his more famous contemporaries, like Leonardo, Michelangelo and Raphael.

·         Browning links this shortcoming with several other issues, principally Sarto’s marriage to an unfaithful wife, Lucrezia del Fede, whose constant demands for money for her family and lover led him to neglect his own parents and misappropriate money given him by Francois I of France.

·         She is the interlocutor of this dramatic monologue.

·         Who is mentioned as ‘serpaentine beauty’?  Lucrezia.

·         According to Browning twilight compares to? Life and art.

·         What picture does Browning like to paint? His wife.

·         How does he compare Lurezia to ? Madonna.

·         Del sarto is ? an Italian painter.

·         Which king is mentioned in Andrea Del sarto ? French kIng Francis.

·         In the opening of the poem, what is the request of del Sarto? To love him.

·         The setting of Andre Del Sarto is the painter’s studio in evening.

·         Andre Del Sarto was first published in the volume entitled Bell and Pomegranate.

·         Which painter alone has a wife? Andrea.

·         How Andrea’s parents died of? Poverty.

·         How much coins that Andre earn silver coins and for what? 13 silver coins and she needs to buy a frill for her dress.

·         “the urbinate who died five years ago”- whose death was referred in this line? Rafeal.

·         What is the cause of Andrea’s failure? The character of his wife.

DOVER BEACH – MATTHEW ARNOLD

DOVER BEACH – MATTHEW ARNOLD

·         The poem was written after he and his wife visiting the Dover region of Southeastern England, the setting of the poem in 1851, during which he held the position of Inspector of schools in England until 1886.

·         The town of Dover is closer to France than any other port city in England.

·         The poem consists of four stanzas each containing a variable number of verses.

·         It was first published in 1897 in the collection New Poems, but surviving notes indicate its composition may have begun as early as 1849. The most likely date is 1851.

·         The poet uses the pathetic fallacy.

·         In Dover Beach Arnold describes the English channel at Dover.

·         The love addressed in Dover Beach is Arnold’s wife Frances Lucy Wightman.

·         The primary message of this poem challenges the validity of long standing theological and moral precepts have shaken the faith of people in God and religion.

·         Arnold laments the decline in religious faith among people which symbolized by the light he sees in Dover Beach on the coast of France, which gleams one moment and is gone the next.

·         He firmly believed in existence of god and religion.

·         The poem intertwined with elegy and dramatic monologue.

·         Because the metre and rhyme vary from line to line, the poem is said to be free  verse, - that is, it is encumbered by the strictures of traditional versification.

·         The poet is standing by the seashore and watching the gentle waves splashing the sandy shores of the straits.

·         From the French coast across the English Channel to the high sea cliffs to England, the light shines pleasantly and softly, and gets weakened towards the tranquil bay of England.

·         The poet calls his companion to come to the window of his cabin and enjoy the sweet aroma of the night air.

·         Watching the seashore from this height, one can only witness the waters of the sea that acts as a catalyst when they touch the moonlit blended colour of the sands.

·         Sometimes they hear the roar of the sea when the pebbles cross over to the high sandy beaches and move back suddenly with the withdrawing waves.

·         This phenomenon continues every evening throughout the night with a slow trembling note and the presence of melancholy is felt.

·         The poet makes his reference to Sophocles a famous greek dramatist long ago, of the 5^th century B.C. to a passage in his play Antigone.

·         The movement of tides is compared to human misery.

·         That same similar sound can be heard in the thoughts from the distant sea in the north.

·         The mighty sea was once a beholder of faith with its vastness that touches all the shores of the earth around the globe, lay folded like a bright girdle cord worn around the waist and rolled fasted and firm.

·         The sounds of the waves in the sea are only notes of melancholy; long drawn; advancing and retreating at the breath of the night wind that blows down the vast yet dull and gloomy edges of the bare shingles of the world.

·         The beaches that are covered with coarse sand and large stones.

·         The poet finally appeals to his beloved companion to be honest with each other, for the world that they live in, which looks so beautiful and new, and lay before them like a land of dreams, does not have joy, love or spiritual light.

·         There is no certainty for help in times of trouble and space. All the mortals live in this world in a dark state of mind and the struggle for survival is no less different from ignorant armies that fight throughout the night.

·         “The sea is calm to-night The tide is full, the moon lies fair” – these are the introductory lines of Dover Beach.

·         Who heard the sounds of the Aegeon Sea as Arnold heard in Dover Beach? Sophocle.

·         What does ‘The Sea of Faith’ refer to? Religion.

·         What is thetheme of Dover Beach? Decay of religious faith.

·         How does Arnold compare religious faith to? The sea.

·         How does the world seem to Arnold? Land of dreams.

·         What is Arnold sick of? Materialism and skepticism.

·         According to Arnold this world is? It has no joy, love, peace or help for pain.

·         How are the people in the world compared to? Ignorant armies.

·         According to Arnold, touchstones help us test and truth and seriousness that constitutes best poetry. What are the touchstones? The lines and expressions of great masters.

·         What does symbolize In the view of Sophocles the ebb and flow of waves? Human misery.

·         What does Arnold remind the retreating waves? Religious values.

·         According to Arnold, what can compensate the loss of religious values? Mutual love.

·         Dover Beach is marked with? Nihilism.

·         What is the sea mentioned? English Channel.

·         What does sea symbolize? Misery.

WUTHERING HEIGHTS – EMILY BRONTE

·         WUTHERING HEIGHTS – EMILY BRONTE

·         What is Wuthering Heights? It  is the name of a house.

·         Whom does Senior Earnshaw bring home? The orphan Heathcliff.

·         Who marries Catherine? Edgar

·         Why does Heathcliff torture Isabella? Because he wants to take revenge on her brother.

·         How long does Heathcliff keep away from Catherine? For three years.

·         What is Isabella’s child name? Linton.

·         What does Heathcliff hallucinate? The deceased Catherine.

·         Who is Cathy? Catherine’s child.

·         What is inscribed above the entrance of Wuthering Heights? “Hareton Earnshaw, 1500”

·         What kind of countryside surrounds Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange? Moorland

·         What destination does the young Catherine have in mind when she leaves Thrushcross Grange for the first time? The fairy caves at Penistone Crags

·         What is the name of the village near Wuthering Heights? Gimmerton

·         In what region of England was Emily Brontë raised? Yorkshire

·         Who plans to live at Thrushcross Grange at the end of the novel? Young Catherine and Hareton

·         Over the course of the novel, which characters claim to see Catherine’s ghost? Lockwood and Heathcliff

·         On what day do young Catherine and Hareton plan to be married? New Year’s Day

·         Why does young Catherine climb over the garden wall? To retrieve her hat, which fell off as she stretched for the fruit of a tree

·         Who raises Hareton during the early years of his life?Nelly

·         Who does Lockwood believe would have given young Catherine a fairy tale life, if only she would have fallen in love with him?Lockwood

·         characters dies first? Mr.Earnshaw

·         characters dies last? Heathcliff

·         According to Heathcliff, when will Catherine’s body decompose? When Heathcliff can join her in the earth

·         Where does Lockwood record Nelly’s story?In his diary

·         Which character speaks the words “I am Heathcliff!”- Catherine.

·         Which three names does Lockwood find inscribed in the window ledge near his bed at Wuthering Heights? Catherine Earnshaw, Catherine Linton, and Catherine Heathcliff

·         Where does Earnshaw originally find Heathcliff? Liverpool

·         Where is Catherine buried? In a churchyard overlooking the moors

·         At what age is Linton taken away from Thrushcross Grange by Heathcliff?13

·         At what age is Linton reunited with young Catherine? `16

·         Whom does Hindley force to work as a servant in his home? Heathcliff

·         Whom does Heathcliff force to work as a servant in his home? Hareton

·         Where do Catherine and Heathcliff first become close? On the moors

·         Whom does Edgar Linton sometimes forbid his daughter to visit?Linton Heathcliff.

·         Where does Heathcliff live? Wuthering Heights

·         Why does Lockwood visit Heathcliff in Chapter 1? To rent property from him

·         Why does Heathcliff think his dogs attacked Lockwood? Lockwood tried to steal something

·         What does Joseph accuse Lockwood of stealing? A Lantern

·         To which Shakespearean hero does Lockwood compare himself after Joseph and Heathcliff accuse him of stealing? King Lear

·         Who intercedes in the argument in Chapter 2 and ensures that Lockwood can spend the night at Wuthering Heights? Zillah

·         What did Joseph make Catherine and Heathcliff do as children? Listen to sermons

·         Where is Lockwood's nightmare about Catherine Linton set? Wuthering Heights.

·         How does Lockwood wake up Heathcliff? By crying out in his sleep.

·         How long has Ellen Dean lived at Thrushcross Grange? 18 years

·         What does Lockwood mean when he says that "my predecessor's name was Linton"? Linton rented Thrushcross Grange before Lockwood did

·         What gift did Mr. Earnshaw promise to bring Nelly Dean from Liverpool? Fruit

·         Who took care of Heathcliff when he had measles as a child? Nelly Dean

·         Which of these best describes Cathy Earnshaw's personality when she was a child? Mischievous

·         Whose arms does Mr. Earnshaw die in? Cathy Earnshaw's

·         Who forces Heathcliff to work in the fields after Mr. Earnshaw dies? Hindley

·         What is Hindley's wife Frances afraid of? Death

·         What happens to Cathy the first time she goes to Thrushcross Grange? A dog bites her

·         Cathy does something to cause tension between herself and Heathcliff when she returns from her first visit to the Lintons. What does she do? She comments on Heathcliff's bad hygiene

·         What time of year does Cathy return from her stay at Thrushcross Grange? Christmas

·         Who does Heathcliff envy? Edgar Linton

·         Why do most of the servants leave Wuthering Heights after Frances dies?

·         Hindley becomes a cruel master

·         Why does Ellen stay in the room when Edgar Linton visits Cathy? Hindley asked her to

·         How does Cathy shock Linton when he comes to visit her? She pinches Ellen.

·         Which of these does Hindley do when he gets angry? Fire his gun.

·         Under what pseudonym did Emily Bronte first publish this novel? Ellis

·         What part of the world does the novel take place? the moors of

·         The story is based on the interactions of two households. What are they called? Thrushcross Grange and Wuthering

·         Which family resides at Thrushcross Grange? The Lintons

·         Which family resides at Wuthering Heights? The Earnshaws   

·         The novel beings with Mr. Lockwood's visit to Wuthering Heights. What was his reason for this visit? He was a tenant at Thrushcross Grange, and wanted to meet his landlord.

·         Lockwood is one of the two narrators. The other is...Ellen Dean.

·         How did Heathcliff find himself at Wuthering Heights? He was adopted by Mr. Earnshaw.

·         As a boy, Heathcliff was bullied by...Hindley.

·         Throughout the novel who is Heathliff's closest companion and defender? Cathy

·         What event causes young Cathy to spend five weeks at Thrushcross Grange? She is attacked by a dog and unable to walk.

·         Which of Cathy's actions does Heathcliff view as the ultimate betrayl? Her marriage to Edgar Linton.

·         "Whatever souls are made of, his and mine are the same." Which characters says this, and who is it about? Cathy, referring to Heathcliff   

·         Which character elopes with Heathcliff? Isabella Linton
How does Cathy die? Of brain fever, after giving birth.   

·         When Hindley dies, what becomes of Hareton? He lives with Heathcliff.

·         What is the name of Heathcliff's son? Linton   

·         How does Heathcliff accomplish his goal of ruining both the Earnshaw and Linton families? Luring Catherine into a marriage with Linton.

·         In the early days of their aquantience, Catherine was cruel to Hareton. Later, she earns his forgiveness by...     teaching him how to read and write.

·         Heathcliff realizes his plan to torment the children of his enemies has backfired when the cousins Hareton and Catherine fall in love. What stops him from harming them at the moment in which he has the most power to do so?The parallels of Hareton and Catherine's relationships to Heathcliff and Cathy's.  

·         In the novel, who speaks in a gruff, nearly unintelligible accent?Joseph

·         Which of the following questions is NOT commonly speculated by readers? Did Hareton have a mental disability?

·         Where is Heathcliff buried after his death? Beside Cathy.

·         Which three words best describe the novel's mood? Somber, tragic, haunting

·         What natural element would the author compare this novel to? A storm